Jahangeer Ganaie
Srinagar, Nov 18: Prematurity, defined as birth before 37 weeks of gestation, remains one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality globally. On the occasion of World Prematurity Day, doctors said that better prenatal care and healthy lifestyle choices are crucial in preventing preterm births.
Several medical professionals outlined the multifactorial nature of premature births. They said that while the exact causes are often complex, certain risk factors play a crucial role in increasing the chances of preterm labour.
Dr Showkat, a leading physician at District Hospital Srinagar (DHSK), explained that infections are among the primary contributors to premature birth. “Urinary tract infections, sexually transmitted infections, and other maternal infections can increase the risk of premature labour,” he said, adding that conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and thyroid disorders are closely linked to higher rates of prematurity.
Preeclampsia, a condition involving high blood pressure and potential organ damage, is another risk factor. According to Dr Showkat, this complication often leads to early delivery to safeguard both the mother and baby’s health.
Dr Murtaza, a renowned obstetrician, said lifestyle choices play an important role in influencing preterm birth rates. “Smoking, substance abuse, poor nutrition and deficiencies in essential nutrients like folic acid, iron and protein can increase the likelihood of preterm labour,” he said.
The doctor said that multiple pregnancies, such as twins or triplets, put added strain on the uterus, which raises the risk of early delivery. Conceiving within six months of a previous birth can also increase the chances of prematurity, he added.
Dr Murtaza further said that limited access to prenatal care, high levels of stress and pregnancies at a very young or very old age can significantly increase the risk of premature birth.
Doctors also warned about the immediate and long-term health consequences of prematurity, saying premature infants are at risk of developing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), infections, jaundice and other health complications.
Long-term issues can include neurodevelopmental disorders, chronic health problems and growth delays, they added.
While acknowledging that not all cases of preterm birth can be prevented, experts insist that several strategies can help reduce the risk. “Quality prenatal care, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, managing chronic health conditions, ensuring adequate birth spacing, and timely medical interventions can all contribute to the prevention of premature births,” they said.
