Obesity major risk factor for diabetes, heart disease, hypertension: Doctors

Srinagar, Oct 16: Unhealthy dietary habits and a sedentary lifestyle are among the major factors contributing to the rising burden of obesity, which doctors warn can pave the way for several chronic diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders and certain types of cancer.
Doctors called for early intervention, healthier eating habits and regular physical activity to prevent obesity and reduce the growing burden of lifestyle-related diseases. They said obesity should not be viewed merely as a weight-related problem, as excessive fat accumulation can interfere with normal metabolic functions, increase the risk of multiple health complications and significantly affect overall quality of life.
Dr Murtaza Dar from the Directorate of Health Services Kashmir (DHSK), said obesity generally develops when calorie intake consistently exceeds the body’s energy requirements, resulting in excessive fat accumulation.
“Obesity is not simply about gaining weight. It is a major risk factor for several serious health conditions. Excess body fat can affect the body’s metabolism, increase blood pressure, disturb cholesterol levels and raise the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks and strokes,” he said.
Dr Dar said obesity is closely associated with insulin resistance, making it difficult to regulate blood glucose levels and eventually leading to type 2 diabetes. It can also contribute to fatty liver disease, which may progress to inflammation and liver scarring. Obesity is linked to increased risk of certain cancers, including breast, colorectal and pancreatic cancers, while excess weight places additional pressure on knees, hips and other joints.
“People should not wait until they develop diabetes, high blood pressure or heart problems before taking their weight seriously,” he said, adding that maintaining a healthy weight through appropriate dietary choices and physical activity can reduce these risks.
Dr Muzamil from Government Medical College (GMC) Anantnag said a sedentary lifestyle, characterised by prolonged sitting and insufficient physical activity, has become a major contributor to obesity. Changing work patterns, increased screen time, reduced outdoor activities and dependence on motorised transport have contributed to a decline in daily physical movement.
“Physical inactivity affects more than just body weight. It can adversely affect cardiovascular and metabolic health and is also associated with poorer mental well-being. Prolonged inactivity has been linked to an increased risk of anxiety and depression, while regular physical activity can help improve mood, sleep and overall health,” he said.
He said obesity usually results from a combination of factors rather than a single cause, including genetic predisposition, hormonal disorders, inadequate sleep, chronic stress and emotional eating. Conditions such as hypothyroidism and Cushing’s syndrome may contribute to weight gain in some individuals and require medical evaluation. Obesity can also affect psychological well-being, contributing to low self-esteem, social anxiety and emotional distress.
Doctors said excess weight increases mechanical stress on joints and can contribute to osteoarthritis, particularly in weight-bearing joints. Obesity is also associated with sleep-related breathing disorders and a higher risk of complications from several chronic illnesses.
They said these risks can be reduced through sustained lifestyle changes, while cautioning against crash diets and unverified weight-loss remedies. They advised balanced meals containing vegetables, fruits, whole grains, adequate protein and healthy fats while limiting foods high in added sugar, salt and unhealthy fats, and reducing highly processed foods, sugary beverages and frequent calorie-dense snacks.
“People should make physical activity part of their daily routine. Walking, cycling, swimming and other forms of exercise can help maintain a healthy weight and improve blood pressure, blood sugar control and cardiovascular fitness,” doctors said.
They recommended adults aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity every week, alongside muscle-strengthening activities on two or more days. They also emphasised adequate sleep, stress management and regular health check-ups, particularly for people with a family history of diabetes, hypertension or cardiovascular disease.
According to NFHS data cited in available figures, 20.5 per cent of men and 29.4 per cent of women in Jammu and Kashmir are overweight or obese. A separate study in Kashmir found 15.01 per cent of the population was obese, with prevalence at 7.01 per cent among men and 23.69 per cent among women.
Doctors said tackling obesity requires sustained effort involving individuals, families, educational institutions and healthcare authorities, with greater emphasis on preventive healthcare. Promoting healthy eating habits among children and adolescents is particularly important, as early-life patterns influence adult health outcomes.
“Obesity is preventable and manageable in many cases, but it requires consistent efforts. Small, sustainable changes in diet and physical activity can make a significant difference in reducing the risk of diabetes, heart disease and other chronic illnesses,” doctors said. (KNO)