Jahangeer Ganaie
Srinagar, Apr 30: Immunodeficiency, a condition characterised by a weakened immune system that struggles to fight infections and diseases, continues to be a pressing health issue worldwide, doctors said.
Whether inherited or acquired, immunodeficiency disorders make individuals more vulnerable to frequent, severe and sometimes life-threatening infections, they added.
Dr Khalid, a physician at DHSK said that immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is either absent or not functioning properly. The immune system acts as the body’s defence against viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other harmful agents; when compromised, even minor infections can become severe.
He explained that Primary Immunodeficiency (PID) is typically genetic and often diagnosed in childhood. “It includes over 400 rare, chronic disorders such as Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) and Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID). These are caused by mutations in genes involved in immune response,” he said.
Dr Khalid further said that Secondary (Acquired) Immunodeficiency is more common than primary. This form develops due to external factors like HIV/AIDS, malnutrition, cancer and its treatments, immunosuppressive drugs and other chronic illnesses.
Dr Altaf, another doctor, said those with immunodeficiency are at increased risk of frequent or severe infections such as pneumonia, bronchitis, meningitis and skin infections. “They may experience delayed recovery, higher susceptibility to certain cancers, and autoimmune disorders, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues,” he said.
While primary immunodeficiency may not be preventable due to its genetic origins, several measures can reduce the risk and impact of secondary immunodeficiency, Dr Altaf said. These include timely vaccinations, maintaining proper nutrition, practising safe habits, regular health check-ups, managing chronic illnesses and using prophylactic medications when necessary.
Doctors said that immunodeficiency, although potentially serious, can be effectively managed with early diagnosis, appropriate treatment and lifestyle adjustments.
“Raising public awareness and improving access to healthcare are crucial steps in combating this silent threat,” they said.
